The History Of Hollywood

1. Introduction
2. The Beginning of Hollywood
3. Silent Cinema
4. Golden Age of Hollywood
5. Hollywood During and After the World War II; Crisis in Hollywood
6. Great Hollywood Stars
7. Hollywood in the 60th
8. Hollywood in the 70th, 80th and 90th
9. Walt Disney and His Studio
10. The American Film Academy
11. Film "Titanic", the Prize-Winner of "Oscar" in 1998
12. Conclusion

Introduction

The United States of America is one of the largest countries of the world. It is a country of grandiose ideas and grandiose projects. American businessmen invest a lot of money into different industries and make large profits of them. Cinema industry is a rich source of money. Hollywood is a stronghold of cinema industry. Hollywood is a powerful film studio, which produces a lot of films a year. People like or do not like them, but it should be noted that the films are produced at high professional and technical standard. Hollywood has the richest modern technical basis. The best actors and producers of the whole world tend to work in Hollywood. The films produced in Hollywood are, as a rule, popular in many countries of the world. The faces of american film stars are well known to cinema lovers in the cities and in little villages all over the world.

The Beginning of Hollywood

So, Hollywood is a center of american cinematography, It is situated in one of the regions of Los - Angeles, California. In 1908 a small film crew of Zelig Firm from Chicago came to California for nature shooting of the film "Monte Cristo Count". It was the beginning of Hollywood. After that some cinema businessman from New York came to Hollywood, because they wanted to avoid the prosecutions of Edison Company. Little by little producers, actors, technical stuff moved there, production basis of cinema industry was created. The first film studio in Hollywood was founded in 1911. Why Hollywood a small town, where oranges had been grown, became a center of film industry? The natural conditions of California, the bright sun the whole year round, rich and various nature were very favourable for the films production. There were splendid landscapes, mountains, valleys, islands, lakes, beaches, deserts, forests, where practically any nature of the planet could be created for the shooting. The earth was cheap there. There was enough manpower around for building and servicing of film studios. By 1915 60% of american film production were accumulated in Hollywood. In course of the following 5 years the system of film studios was formed, which allowed Hollywood to become a cinema capital of the world. In 1914 after the beginning of World War I film industry in many countries fell into decay. The USA joined the war only in 1917 and Hollywood used the absence of competition to create its supremacy at the world cinema market. Film studios used the scheme, proposed at the end of 1910th by Thomas Inse. In the 20th Hollywood had modern financial and technical basis of film production and the professional stuff. By the middle of the 20th there were 5 large studios: "Metro Golden Myer", "Paramount", "Fox", "Universal" and "Warner". They were headed by the producers Luise B. Mayor, Sam Goldwine, Adolf Zuker, William Fox, Karl Lemmle and Warner brothers. They controlled the fortune of american cinematography up to 1960.

Silent Cinema

One of the most popular producers of silent cinema was David York Griffit. David York Griffit shooted 61 short films. He was one of the most promising american producers. He was called "Shakespeare of Screen". Now his films are demonstrated rearly, but Griffit went down in cinema history as a genius producer, a founder of new cinema language, which had been used by his colleagues up to 1960th. Besides, he was an innovator in the sphere of actor art. Griffit specialized in melodramas, he shooted comedies, historical films, thrillers, westerns, filmings of Bible and different works of literature. Before 1913 there existed an opinion, that the spectator can not watch the film longer, than 15 minutes, but Griffit thought that it was not so. He shooted a film "Yudif from Betulia" in 4 parts. It lasted 42 minutes. There was a great scandal at the studio because of theis film duration, after it Griffit left the campaign "American Biograph" and began his work at full-length film "Birth of Nation". It appeared on screens in 1915. The film lasted 3 hours and told about the relationships of two american families during the Civil war. The film had grandiose success; the expenses for its creation were compensated in two months. But the film had racist character and was prohibited in many american towns.

In 1916 Griffit released a complex film called "Intolerance". It didn't have commercial success and the audience didn't like it very much because of its complexity. After it Griffit finished his experiments, his works became more and more sentimental. In 1948 in 18 years after his last film Griffit died.

The brightest stars of the silent cinema Mary Pikford and Douglas Ferbenks belonged to the most highly payed actors in the world. After their marriage in 1920 they were reckoned among Hollywood aristocracy. Mary Pikford was called the favorite of America. Usually she played the roles of young girls. Douglas Ferbenks had athletic figure and played mainly in adventure films. One of his films is "Black Pirate" (1926). In 1919 Mary Pickford, Douglas Ferbenks and Charlie Chaplin joined with W.Griffit and created a company "United Artists".

The names of the first american actors and actresses were never mentioned. They were known by their nicknames, for example "Little Mary". In the 20th the system of film stars appeared. Film stars were the actors, whose names attached crowds of filmgoers to movie-houses. The stars were necessary for the cash success of the films. The most popular types of women were the vamp-woman like Teda Bara and Pola Negry, girls from high society like Colin Moor and Louise Brooks, simple women like Gloria Swenson and Greta Garbo, innocent girls like Lillian Gish and sexi women like Clara Bow. As for the man, the most popular at that time were the comics Charlie Chaplin and Baster Kiton, exotic lovers Rudolfo Valentino and Roman Navarro, simple boys Richard Bartelmess and Jin Gilbert, the king of horrors Lon Chaini and cowboys William Hart and Tom Mix.

One of the greatest Hollywood actors was Charles Spenser Chaplin. In course of 40 years he had been a representative of the best creative forces of Hollywood. Charles Chaplin was born in 1889 and died in 1977. All his life he devoted to cinema. He worked as an actor, producer and scriptwriter. He had a constant image - an image of a little man in black bowler hat, with black moustaches, with a stick and in big boots. This image is known to the whole world. Chaplin's character is an openhearted, sentimental and unsuccessful man. He stirs up not only laughter but also sympathy. Chaplin is very much beloved by Russian people. During the World War II Chaplin called to the opening of the second front and to the help to russian people in the war. In 1940 he created the film "The Great Dictator". It was darning anti-fascist satire. In 1928 and 1972 he received special ''Oscar'' prizes and in 1972 he received a golden prize at the International Film Festival in Venice. Comic and dramatic things were combined in Chaplin's creative work. The theme of human dignity is the main theme in Chaplin's art. Chaplin created his films, surrounded by worldwide glory and love of the millions of spectators.

In 1927, when talking cinema appeared the interest to silent cinema disappeared practically instantly. Such quick declide of silent cinema has no analogous in the history of art. The idols of "great silent" have been almost forgotten and the films, excluding comedies, are rearly demonstrated. But some films, shooted at that time in Hollywood belong to greatest masterpieces in the cinema history. The names of some great actors of that time are kept in the memory of people.

Golden Age of Hollywood

Hollywood producers did not hurry to shoot films with sound tracks. They perfectly understood that Hollywood actors used to show fillings with the help of facial expression and gestures and they would have problems with dialogues. Many actors had strong foreign accent. But in 1920 "Warner Brothers" company had financial problems and to improve its financial position shooted the film "Don Huan" with a sound track. The film became popular. Silent cinema era finally ended in 1927 when the film "Jass Singer" with Al Jolson appeared. The appearance of sound in cinema was connected with some difficulties. When the actors began to speak, they stopped to move, because they were attached to microphones. Absence of movement was compensated by dialogues. As a result some films of that times, for example "New-York Lights" were called "illustrated radio". Besides the films were full of music and songs out of measure to use the possibilities of sound completely. But the audience quickly became tired of it and such musicals did not make much profit.

Change over to talking cinema was very expensive, that is why Hollywood had to look for money and to appeal to banks and other business enterprises. In return for it many of them required to avoid delicate topics in the films. As a result in 1934 the Heits Code was adopted. It introduced censorship limitations. Joseph Brinn controlled the observance of this code. In accordance with this code in Hollywood films they could not criticize any religious convictions, show surgical operations, use of drugs, hard drinking, cruelty to people and animals. It was prohibited to use any swearwords. Strict limitations were imposed on everything connected with sex.

When Hollywood developed production of the films with sound track it quickly recovered its image of the best films producer, which made Hollywood the capital of the world cinema production. The years 1930-1945 became the golden age of Hollywood. During this years 7500 full-length films were shooted there. Hollywood was named the factory of stars. It attracted attention not only by films, but by the way of life of its actors, which was described in newspapers and magazines. In the 30th Hollywood became a myth. At that time it consisted of 8 large firms: "Metro Golden Myer", "Paramount Pictures", "RCO Radio", "Warner Brothers", "Universal", "United Artists". It was the time of flowering of Hollywood. After the appearance of talking cinema only one new studio was founded - "RCO Radio". The largest studio was "MCM" which offered, that they had more stars, than in the sky. This studio specialized in bright and cheerful family films. "Paramount" studio shooted the films on the topics of wealth, power and human passions. "United Artists" studio did not shoot its own films, but provided the here of independent producers films. "Warner Brothers" studio was not very reach, but shooted popular gangster films and musicals. "XX Century Fox" shooted musicles and historic films. "Universal" studio did not have equals during the era of silent cinema, but when talking cinema appeared they had to begin shooting of cheap films, mainly horror films. "Columbia" studio was in disastrous state and existed due to the lending of stars and producers from the other studios.

Hollywood during and after the World War II; crisis in Hollywood

During the World War II cinema not only entertained the audience but also informed it. One of the best Hollywood films was Alfred Hitchcock's film "Lifeboat" (1944), where he analyzed Nazi threat and Tay Garriet's film "Bataan" (1943), which showed the severe war truth. Many cinema celebrities went to the ear, for example Clark Gable, James Stuart, David Niven. Famous producers John Ford, William Wailer and John Huston also risked their lives, shooting chronicles of the war.

In course of 30 years cinema was the beloved pastime of the Americans. Only in 1946 approximately 100 millions spectators visited the cinema every week. But soon great difficulties came to Hollywood. The crisis began. There were some reasons for it. In 1948 the antitrust act was issued. It limited the power of cinema monopoly. Besides the Americans preferred to sit at home in front of the most dangerous rival of Hollywood - TV set. By the year 1954 there were more than 30 millions of TV sets in the USA. Some producers, who shooted documentary films during the war didn't any longer want to entertain audience. They appealed to the real problems of american society. The films "The Lost Weekend" (1945), "Beautiful Fire" (1947) and the others belong to the problem films. But even in the most critical and problem films there always was a happy and. Such idealism was absent in bitter and pessimistic films, called "black films". The first film of this genre was "The Maltian Falcon" (1941). The ominous world full of pilferers, despaired war veterans, fatal women, and corrupt politicians is shown in these films. Evil always wins in these films. They are full of fatalism ideas. The classic films of this genre are "Women in the Window" (1945), "Double Insurance" (1944), "Murder, my Dear" (1944), "Lady from Shanghai" (1948).

In September 1947 the government committee on anti-American activities investigation came to Hollywood to look into the problem of communist cinema. More than 40 leading figures of Hollywood gave testimony about the persons, who were blamed for communist ideas. 10 scenario writers and producers refused to cooperate with the commission and were put into prison. New splash of anti-communist attitudes of mind was in 1951. "Black" lists of cultural workers, having left views, were made. This list included 324 people. It lead to the fact, that "hunt for witches" broke the carrier of many talented people and provoked deep split in Hollywood.

The cinema workers understood, that it is possible to return audience to cinema houses, showing them colourful wide-screen film with stereo sound. The first wide-screen system in 1950 was "Cinerama". The picture was 6 times larger than the standard. The audience was in the center of the action and had the same sensations as the characters on the screen. "Cinerama" was popular but very expensive. The other system "Cinemascop" was cheaper. With the help of it a historical film about ancient Rome, called "Toga" by Henry Koster (1953) was shooted. The film surpassed all expectations. By the year 1960 all cinema studios passed on to the system "Panavision". Beginning from the film "War and Piece" (1954) by King Vidor a set of blockbusters - films with expensive decorations, luxurious dresses, star actors has been shooted. One of such films "Ben Goor" (1959) by William Wiler got 11 Oscar prizes. But in 3 years Hollywood producers had to refuse from grandiose performances after the film "Cleopatra" which costed 13 millions dollars had suffered a setback.

Besides the wide screen and stereo sound some producers resorted to various tricks. Some smelling films have been produced. The film "Behind the Wall" (1959) was demonstrated with the help of "Aromarama" system. The hall with the help of ventilation was filled with smells, harmonizing with the screen action. In the film "Mystery Smell" the system "Smell-o-vision" was used. In this film the smells were pumped into the hall by pumps. The king of cinema tricks was the producer William Kastle. He specialized in different mysteries. For example during the demonstration of the film "House at the Ghost Hill" (1959) a skeleton made of plastic moved over the spectator's heads.

After the World War II new Hollywood stars appeared, such as Ingrid Bergman, Elizabeth Taylor, Marilyn Monroe, Kerk Douglas, Gregory Peck, Bert Lankaster. In late 50th such young actors as Marlon Brando, James Din and Paul Newman began to use Stanislavsky system. They reached great intensity and realism in their roles.

By the end of the 50th Hollywood was transformed beyond recognition. Step by step all Hollywood studious lost their independence and joined transnational film companies. As a result the commercial success became more important then creative work. Hollywood remained the capital of the world cinema, but the most daring and innovatory films were shooted in Europe.

Great Hollywood stars

Greta Garbo was one of Hollywood stars, who had a worldwide fame. Her real surname was Gustaffson and she was born in 1905. She was Swede. Garbo graduated from the dramatic school in Stockholm and began to play her roles in the cinema in 1922. She won the world recognition in Hollywood in the roles of fatal woman. There was a legend connected with her name in Hollywood. Garbo's refusal from advertisement promoted this legend. Her first film in Hollywood appeared in 1927 and made Garbo famous. Greta Garbo created bright, psychologically intensive roles in Hollywood. Her best roles were in the films "Queen Christian" in 1934, "Anna Karenina" in 1935, "A Lady with Camellia" in 1937. In 1954 Greta Garbo received "Oscar". In all her films Garbo played the role of mysterious allractive woman whose love was fatal for the man, whom she loved, and for herself. She died in 1990, but finished to act in films in 1941 after her failure in the film "Double-faced Woman". In spite of the fact that she has not acted in films since 1941 the cinema lovers remember this beautiful and talented actriss. The great success of Greta Garbo is connected with her talant and skill, with her charm and spirituality.

Among the Hollywood stars there is a very bright star - Marylyn Monroe. She was the brightest film star of the USA in the 50-th and 60-th. She was born in 1926 in a poor family. Her real name was Norma Jean. In course of her life she had some surnames. She was born with the surname of her stepfather Ed Mortenson, who soon left the family. When Marylyn studied at school she had her mother's surname Baiker. When she was 16 she got married and became Mrs. Dogerty. And at last in 1947 the film studio "20 Century Fox" gave her the name, which became a legend. During the World War II the future star painted military planes at the plant, when a photographer from Hollywood came there to take pictures for the military newspaper. It was the beginning of Marylyn's carrier as a top model. She became popular, then her photo appeared in the calendar in 1951. By the way, this photo appeared in the first issue of "Playboy" magazine. After it Monroe began to act in Hollywood films and became the idol of american and world cinema with bright individuality. She was called "the godless of nuclear century". Here are the names of some of her films: "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes"(1953), "Niagara"(1953), "How to Marry a Millionaire"(1954), "Bus Stop"(1956) and many others. Monroe is the embodiment of the American dream - a girl from the poor family reaches the top of the fame and wealth. Marylyn Monroe was the sex symbol of the USA, she was called "beloved Marylyn", "unique Marylyn". But in spite of it she was unhappy in her personal life. She got married two more times, but her husbands left her, she wanted to have children, but did not have them, she was afraid of loneliness, but she was always lonely. On the 5-th of August in 1962 she was found dead in her house. She died from narcotics, but there is a version, that she was killed. There is a cinema anthology "Marylyn" devoted to the actress. Every year on the 5-th of August there are night processions with Monroe's portraits and candles in the USA towns.

The other famous star of Hollywood is Elizabeth Taylor. She was born in 1932 and began to act in films in 1942 when she was 10. At the beginning of the 50-th she became famous. She played psychologically complex roles. The films with Elizabeth Taylor are "Life with Father"(1947), "Father of the Bride"(1950), "Father's Little Dividend"(1951), "A Place in the Sun"(1951), "Giant"(1956), "Ramtree Country"(1957), "Cat on s Hot Tin Roof'"(1958), "Suddenly Last Summer"(1959), "Batterfield, 8"(1960), "Cleopatra"(1963), "Who is Afraid of Virginia Wolf'"(1966), "The Tanning of the Skrew"(1967), "Reflection in a Golden Eye"(1967), "The Comedians"(1967), "Secret Ceremony"(1968),"Zee and C°"(1972), "Hammersmith is Out"(1972), "The Blue Bird"(1976), "The Mirror Cracked"(1980). In the film "The Mirror Cracked" Taylor played the role of a not young star, who decided to return to the cinema screen after the long break. Elizabeth Taylor presented to the cinema more than 50 years of her life. She took part in more, than 60 films and has two "Oscar" prizes for the films "Butterfield, 8" and "Who is Afraid of Virginia Woolf". Besides she has some successful theatre roles. Liz Taylor is a very beautiful woman and a very talented actress. Her life was rich in events. First she married when she was 17 years old. Than she was married 8 times. One of her husbands cracked in the plane named "Happy Liz". Elizabeth always tried to be happy in her family life but she was a failure in it. Besides she was capricious at the shooting stage, had nightmares, horrors of the loneliness and coming old age, plastic operations and months in the hospitals and at last she had cancer and looked into the face of death. Besides from time to time she took part in the political life. So as you see her life was violent and reach in creative work, love, happiness, diseases, politics and a lot of other things.

Hollywood in the 60^th

In these years Hollywood had great problems. Shooting of films became so expensive in Hollywood, that many american films were shooted in Europe. It was much cheaper. In 1967 the film "Bonny and Clyde" marked the birth of new american cinema. The producer of this film was Arthur Penn. The success of this film urged other producers to more uninhibited approach to the representation of sex and violance. It was reflected in such films as "Graduating Student" (1967) and "Wild Pack". Only at the end of the 60-th Hollywood film studios began to find a way out of crisis. Financial position of the firm became stable due to the creation of TV soap operas. Hollywood firms began cooperation with independent producers, giving them studios for films shooting and helping them to distribute films. Many new young producers were involved into the films creation, it raised the films artistic level. Besides, Hollywood prospered due to its great actors and producers.

Hollywood in the 70^th, 80^th and 90^th

In the 70th the most popular producers of new generation became Coppola, Lucas, Martin Scorcese and Steven Spielberg. Coppola's film "Godfather" (1972) and Spielberg's "Jans" (1975) began the new era of blockbusters. Lucas's "Star Wars" and three Spielberg's films about Indiana Jones are the most famous superhits. Fantastic films have always been very popular, for example "Alien" (1982) was the first in box-office returns up to the appearance of Spielberg's blockbuster about dinos "Jurassic Park" (1993). The names of modern Hollywood producers are well known. They are Oliver Stone, Jonathan Denim, John Hews, Robert Zemekis. But the most popular, star producer of american cinema is Quentin Tarantino. His criminal thrillers "Rabid Dogs" (1992) and "The Pulp" (1994) created a furor.

At present time the Hollywood is prospering. New, young producers, who came to Hollywood, increased the artistic level of Hollywood films. A new trend appeared in Hollywood repertoire; it is shooting of films based on bestsellers. These films are created for the demonstration on cinema screens and then they are made for video. After it the films are widely spread and have a lot of spectators. Record box-office returns have been made by the films "Rambo" with Sylvester Stallone, "Terminator" with Arnold Shwarzenegger, "Shindler's List", "Jurassic Park" by famous producer Steven Spielberg, "Speed", "Tourist by Accident" with Kevin Kostner, "Top Gun" and many others. The serial about the super-agent 007 had a phenomenal success. In course of 30 years they have made 16 films about the agent 007. Beginning from 1995 the serial have been continued by 18 films more with the new name "Truthful Lies". The everlasting westerns are popular as always. For the westerns good horses are grown at the special farms. In Hollywood there are specialists in the animals make-up. The makers-up prepare horses and other animals for the shooting. If a horse or some other animal is needed for the shooting only one telephone call is enough and the animal is immediately brought to the studios in a specialized van. Rare animals, insects, reptiles and birds are caught in the wild nature by specialists. They are kept at special ranchos and shooted in scientific, fantastic and adventure films. The makers-up mask harmless animals and make rattle snakes, cobras and other dangerous animals of them. The most expensive Hollywood film is "The Water World" with Kevin Kostner. He is also the producer of this film. The company "Universal Pictures" spent more than 175 millions dollars for the film production and 65 millions dollars for the advertisement company. The most highly paid actors of Hollywood are Sylvester Stallone, who gets up to 20 millions dollars for one film and Arnold Shwarzenegger, who gets up to 15 millions dollars for one film. The most highly paid actresses of Hollywood are Demy Moor, who got 12,5 millions dollars for the main role in the film "Striptease" (1995, producer Paul Verkhoven), Julia Roberts, and Sharon Stone, who get 12 millions dollars for one film. The film "Jurassic Park" of the producer Steven Spielberg had the richest advertisement company (68 millions dollars). In a week of this film showing 50 millions dollars returned to the box-office. A 12-year old actor Macaloy Calkin got more then 5 millions dollars for his films "At Home Alone" and "Lost in New York".

Walt Disney and His Studio

The story about Hollywood will not be complete if I shall not tell about Disney Studio, being a part of Hollywood. For many people in our century Walt Disney's name means the world of cartoon. W. Disney has created a lot of short cartoons and many longer films. His name is very famous and not only in America. Walt Disney (real name Walter Elaias) was born in 1901 in Chicago. Then his family left Chicago for place in the South of America. When Walt Disney grew up he began to draw pictures and create cartoons. He became a famous artist, producer and cartoon maker. He began to work in Hollywood in 1923. One of his first cartoons there was "Alice in the Cartoon Country". One day he had an idea to make a mouse the main character of the cartoon. He saw his mouse character as a funny friendly little thing, who could speak, dance and sing and who, in fact, could live like a man. In 1928 the audience saw Mickey Mouse on the screen for the first time. Mickey became very popular and soon Disney and Mickey became famous stars. A famous Disney's hero Mickey Mouse first appeared in the cartoon "Mad Airplane". Then came other characters: Donald Duck, Pluto and many, many more. Some of them are bright, some are not, but all of them are usually kind and friendly. And Disney's main characters are always clever. In fact Disney has created a special animal world full of optimism and success. Disney's stories end happily. All his films are easy to watch and people enjoy his cartoons very much. One of the most famous films was made in 1929, it is "Skeletons Dance" with the music of Sen-Sance. In 1932 Walt Disney received "Oscar" for his Mickey Mouse. Disney was one of the first producers, who began to make colored films. It was in 1933, he used the method "Technicolor", developed in the USA. His colored film "Three Piglets", shooted in 1933 also had "Oscar" prize. Gradually Disney's films became famous in the whole world and they influenced upon the development of cartoon making in many countries. Walt Disney died in 1966 and his last film was "The Book of Jungle". This film was finished after his death. For all his films Walt Disney received 29 "Oscar" prizes. In the 60-th Disney Studio began to shoot documentary films about animals and different TV programs. One day an idea came to Disney. He wanted to create a special place, a special land for children and parents to have fun together. So he built Disneyland. It is in California near Los-Angeles. It is a place for children of all ages. It is also a place for their parents to return to the world of childhood because that is what happens when they spend a day at Disneyland. At Disneyland you can have a voyage on a boat, you can take a train, you can travel to the stars, take a trip to the mountains, meet all the Disney characters or just sit in the sun and eat ice cream.

The American Film Academy

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) is the social organization in the USA. It was founded in Hollywood in 1927. Its purpose is to increase the educational, cultural and technical level of the american film production. The first president of AMPAS was Ferbenks. The academy unites about 4 thousand members, among them are the most famous creative and administrative workers of Hollywood. It consists of 12 sections, has a rich film hall. The academy performs information and lecture work. Beginning from 1929 every year the academy awards "Oscar" prizes for the best American and foreign films and for the achievements in different spheres of American cinema (in 20 categories). "Oscar" is a statuette of 32,5 cm height. It is covered by gold. This name was given to the statuette in 1931, when Margaret Herrick, a librarian of the Film Academy noted that the statuette reminds her aunt Oscar. The cinema workers of the other countries win "Oscar" prize in case if they take part in american films. The prizes are awarded by secret ballot of the Academy members. Beginning from 1973 the Academy organizes the contests of students films. Three times a year the Academy issues the catalogues of new American films and reference books, devoted to American actors and actresses. The film "Ben Gour" took the largest number of Oscars eleven in member. Walt Disney took 26 "Oscars" and 6 special prizes of the Academy. Last years "Oscar" prize was awarded to the films "Forrest Gump", "Four Rooms", "English Patient" and "Titanic". For the best man's role "Oscar" was awarded to Robert De Niro, Tom Hanks, Jack Nicolson, Richard Gir and the others. For the best woman's role "Oscar" was awarded to Sharon Stone, Kim Bessinger, Mira Sorvino, Helen Hunt and the others. In 1998 the film "It Can't Be Better" with famous Jack Nicolson won two "Oscar" prizes for the best man's and woman's roles. Jack Nicolson's partner in this film is Helen Hunt. The film became very popular and it is really very pleasant.

Film "Titanic", the Prize-Winner of "Oscar" in 1998

In 1998 the other Hollywood film "Titanic" received 11 "Oscars" and it was the record in the number of prizes for one film. The producer of this film James Kameron is one of the most popular producers in Hollywood. He has shooted the most cash films "Abyss", "Stranger", "The Strangers". The young Hollywood actors, such as Leonardo Di Caprio and Kate Winslet played the main roles in "Titanic". This film is very expensive, because the model of the ship "Titanic" has been made in natural scale. But the film is so popular in the world that the expenses have been compensated and a large profit has been obtained. The fact is that in the film there are underwater shootings of the real "Titanic", lying on the sea bottom. These shootings have been made with the help of Russian scientific and investigation ship "Mstislav Keldysh", Russian deep-water apparatuses "Myr" and "Myr-2" and Russian divers. Nowhere in the world there are such deep-water apparatuses, but only in Russia. With the help of "Myr" and "Myr-2" the unique shootings have been made. A documentary film about it was created, it was shown before the premiere of "Titanic".

Conclusion

There is a Hollywood avenue in Los Angeles. There are bronze stars with the names of the cinema and showbusiness stars, walled into the pavements of this avenue. The main sights of this avenue are the Beauty Museum, Hollywood museum of wax figures, the famous cinema "Chinese Theatre". In front of its entrance in the concrete there are the prints of the stars palms and feet. Now the seven most famous film studios of Hollywood are "Universal", "Disney", "Columbia", "MGM-United Artists", "Paramount", "Warner Brothers" and "XX Century Fox". Hollywood is a center of different show performances; it attracts the audience by night entertainments. The Hollywood sight is the summer theatre (so-called "Hollywood Cup", a circle under the open sky for 20 thousand spectators with splendid acoustics). The concerts of classical and popular music and ballet performances are held in this theatre.